WebSchemas/Periodicals, Articles and Multi-volume Works
This is an archived WebSchemas proposal Periodicals, Articles and Multi-volume Works for schema.org. See Proposals listing for more. Note: active schema.org development is now based at github
Proposal for Periodicals, Articles and Multi-volume Works
Description
This proposal is intended to enable basic description of Articles within issues and/or volumes of periodicals of most types - Scholarly journals, magazines, comics, etc. The proposal also will enable the description of multi-volume works (e.g. the three volumes that make up Lord of the Rings).
As a basic proposal it does not address the full description of periodicals as stand-alone entities, and avoids any explicit statement of hierarchy in the parts that make up a periodical.
It proposes three new Types: Periodical, PublicationVolume, PublicationIssue, and added properties for two existent Types: Article, CreativeWork.
The discussions behind these proposals was informed from several sources with the Bibliographic Ontology (bibo) deserving specific mention.
You can view a live version of this vocabulary proposal integrated into the latest version of schema.org (2014-05-19) at http://schemaorg-dbs.appspot.com/Periodical
New Type: Periodical
A publication in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended, such as a magazine, scholarly journal, or newspaper to continue indefinitely.
Type hierarchy
- Thing > CreativeWork > Periodical
Properties for Periodical
- issn (Text) The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) that identifies this periodical. You can repeat this property to (for example) identify different formats of this periodical.
New Type: PublicationVolume
A part of a successively published publication such as a periodical or multi-volume work, often numbered. It may represent a time span, such as a year.
Type hierarchy
- Thing > CreativeWork > PublicationVolume
Properties for PublicationVolume
- volumeNumber (Text) Identifies the volume of publication or multi-part work; for example, "iii" or "2".
- pageStart (Text) The page on which the work starts; for example "135" or "xiii".
- pageEnd (Text) The page on which the work ends; for example "138" or "xvi".
- pagination (Text) Any description of pages that is not separated into pageStart & pageEnd; for example, "1-6, 9, 55" or "10-12, 46-49".
New Type: PublicationIssue
A part of a successively published publication such as a periodical or publication volume, often numbered, usually containing a grouping of works such as articles.
Type hierarchy
- Thing > CreativeWork > PublicationIssue
Properties for PublicationIssue
- issueNumber (Text) Identifies the issue of publication; for example, "iii" or "2".
- pageStart (Text) The page on which the work starts; for example "135" or "xiii".
- pageEnd (Text) The page on which the work ends; for example "138" or "xvi".
- pagination (Text) Any description of pages that is not separated into pageStart & pageEnd; for example, "1-6, 9, 55" or "10-12, 46-49".
Type: Article
New Properties for Article
- pageStart (Text) The page on which the work starts; for example "135" or "xiii".
- pageEnd (Text) The page on which the work ends; for example "138" or "xvi".
- pagination (Text) Any description of pages that is not separated into pageStart & pageEnd; for example, "1-6, 9, 55" or "10-12, 46-49".
Type: CreativeWork
New Properties for CreativeWork
- hasPart (CreativeWork) A related CreativeWork that is included either logically or physically in this CreativeWork; for example, things in a collection, parts in a multi-part work, or articles in a periodical or publication issue.
Relationship with other vocabularies
The following properties and classes should be considered equivalents (owl:equivalentProperty / owl:equivalentClass) in bibo:
- schema:issueNumber -> bibo:issue
- schema:isbn -> bibo:isbn
- schema:issn -> bibo:issn, bibo:eissn
- schema:pageStart -> bibo:pageStart
- schema:pageEnd -> bibo:pageEnd
- schema:pagination -> bibo:pages
- schema:Periodical -> bibo:Periodical
- schema:PublicationIssue -> bibo:Issue (volume property excepted)
- schema:volumeNumber -> bibo:volume
Examples
The following examples could be used on the schema:Periodical, schema:PublicationIssue, schema:PublicationVolume, and schema:Article documentation.
Example 1 - A list of the issues for a single volume of a given periodical
Original HTML
<body>
<h1>The Lancet</h1>
<p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
<p>Published by Elsevier
<ul>
<li>ISSN: 0140-6736</li>
</ul>
<h3>Issues:</h3>
<ul>
<li>No. 9734 Jul 3, 2010 p 1-68</li>
<li>No. 9735 Jul 10, 2010 p 69-140</li>
</ul>
</body>Using RDFa
<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Periodical">
<h1 property="name">The Lancet</h1>
<p>Volume 376, July 2010-December 2010</p>
<p>Published by <span property="publisher">Elsevier</span></p>
<ul>
<li>ISSN: <span property="issn">0140-6736</span></li>
</ul>
<h3>Issues:</h3>
<div property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationVolume" >
<link property="volumeNumber" content="376" />
<ul>
<li property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationIssue" >No.
<span property="issueNumber">9734</span>
<time datetime="2010-07-03" property="datePublished">Jul 3, 2010</time>
<span property="pageStart">1</span>-<span property="pageEnd">68</span>
</li>
<li property="hasPart" typeof="PublicationIssue">No.
<span property="issueNumber">9735</span>
<time datetime="2010-07-03" property="datePublished">Jul 10, 2010</time>
<span property="pageStart">69</span>-<span property="pageEnd">140</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>Example 2 - An article, fully linked to the issue, volume, and periodical in which it was published
Original HTML
<div>
<strong>Title:</strong> Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review<br />
<strong>Author:</strong> Smiraglia, Richard P.<br />
<strong>Subjects:</strong> Catalog ; Works <br />
<strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
<div>Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 2012, Vol. 50 (5),</div>
<div>p.360-368 [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
<strong>Description:</strong>
The library catalog as a catalog of works
was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
model.
</div>
<strong>Publisher:</strong> Taylor & Francis Group<br />
<strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group<br />
<strong>ISSN:</strong> 0163-9374 ;<br />
<strong>E-ISSN:</strong> 1544-4554;<br />
<strong>DOI:</strong>
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
</div>Data, as Turtle
@prefix : <http://schema.org/> .
[] a :Article ;
:about "Catalog", "Works" ;
:author "Smiraglia, Richard P." ;
:description """The library catalog as a catalog of works
was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
model.""" ;
:isPartOf <#issue> ;
:name "Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review" ;
:pageEnd "368" ;
:pageStart "360" ;
:sameAs <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254> .
<#issue> a :PublicationIssue ;
:datePublished "2012" ;
:isPartOf [ a :PublicationVolume ;
:isPartOf <#periodical> ;
:volumeNumber "50" ] ;
:issueNumber "5" .
<#periodical> a :Periodical ;
:issn "0163-9374",
"1544-4554" ;
:name "Cataloging & Classification Quarterly" ;
:publisher "Taylor & Francis Group" .
Using microdata
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
<strong>Title:</strong> <span itemprop="name">Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review</span><br />
<strong>Author:</strong> <span itemprop="author">Smiraglia, Richard P.</span><br />
<strong>Subjects:</strong> <span itemprop="about">Catalog</span> ; <span itemprop="about">Works</span> <br />
<strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
<div itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope
itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue" itemid="http://example.org/article#issue">
<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical" itemid="http://example.org/article#periodical">
<span itemprop="name">Cataloging & Classification Quarterly</span>,
</span>
<span itemprop="datePublished">2012</span>,
Vol.<span itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope
itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationVolume"><link
itemprop="isPartOf" href="http://example.org/article#periodical" /><span
itemprop="volumeNumber">50</span></span>(<span
itemprop="issueNumber">5</span>),
</div>
<div>
p.<span itemprop="pageStart">360</span>-<span itemprop="pageEnd">368</span> [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
<strong>Description:</strong>
<span itemprop="description">The library catalog as a catalog of works
was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
model.</span>
</div>
<span itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical" itemid="http://example.org/article#periodical">
<strong>Publisher:</strong>
<span itemprop="publisher">Taylor & Francis Group</span><br />
<strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group<br />
<strong>ISSN:</strong> <span itemprop="issn">0163-9374</span> ;<br />
<strong>E-ISSN:</strong> <span itemprop="issn">1544-4554</span> ;<br />
</span>
<strong>DOI:</strong>
<a itemprop="sameAs" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
</div>Using RDFa
<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Article">
<strong>Title:</strong> <span property="name">Be Careful What You Wish For: FRBR, Some Lacunae, A Review</span><br />
<strong>Author:</strong> <span property="author">Smiraglia, Richard P.</span><br />
<strong>Subjects:</strong> <span property="about">Catalog</span> ; <span property="about">Works</span> <br />
<strong>Is Part Of:</strong>
<div property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationIssue" resource="#issue">
<span typeof="Periodical" resource="#periodical">
<span property="name">Cataloging & Classification Quarterly</span>,
</span>
<span property="datePublished">2012</span>,
Vol.<span property="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationVolume"><link
property="isPartOf" resource="#periodical" /><span
property="volumeNumber">50</span></span>(<span
property="issueNumber">5</span>),
</div>
<div>
p.<span property="pageStart">360</span>-<span property="pageEnd">368</span> [Peer Reviewed Journal]<br />
<strong>Description:</strong>
<span property="description">The library catalog as a catalog of works
was an infectious idea, which together with research led to
reconceptualization in the form of the FRBR conceptual model. Two
categories of lacunae emerge—the expression entity, and gaps in the
model such as aggregates and dynamic documents. Evidence needed to
extend the FRBR model is available in contemporary research on
instantiation. The challenge for the bibliographic community is to
begin to think of FRBR as a form of knowledge organization system,
adding a final dimension to classification. The articles in the present
special issue offer a compendium of the promise of the FRBR
model.</span>
</div>
<span resource="#periodical">
<strong>Publisher:</strong>
<span property="publisher">Taylor & Francis Group</span><br />
<strong>Source:</strong> Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group<br />
<strong>ISSN:</strong> <span property="issn">0163-9374</span> ;<br />
<strong>E-ISSN:</strong> <span property="issn">1544-4554</span> ;<br />
</span>
<strong>DOI:</strong>
<a property="sameAs" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2012.682254">10.1080/01639374.2012.682254</a>
</div>Example 3 - An article citation in MLA format, using a 'flat' markup approach
An article citation in MLA format, using a 'flat' approach that simplifies markup by not specifying an explicit relationship between the periodical, volume, and issue
Original HTML
<div>
Carlyle, Allyson. "Understanding FRBR as a Conceptual Model: FRBR
and the Bibliographic Universe."
<em>Library Resources and Technical Services</em>,
v. 50, no. 4 (October 2006): 264-273. Print.
</div>With microdata
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle">
<span itemprop="author">Carlyle, Allyson.</span>
"<span itemprop="name">Understanding FRBR as a Conceptual Model: FRBR
and the Bibliographic Universe</span>"
<div itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical">
<em><span itemprop="name">Library Resources and Technical Services</span></em>
</div>
<span itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationVolume">
v. <span itemprop="volumeNumber">50</span>
</span>,
<span itemprop="isPartOf" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/PublicationIssue">
no. <span itemprop="issueNumber">4</span>
(<time datetime="2006-10" itemprop="datePublished">October 2006</time>):
</span>
<span property="pageStart">264</span>-<span property="pageEnd">273</span>
Print.</div>With RDFa
<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="ScholarlyArticle">
<span property ="author">Carlyle, Allyson.</span>
"<span property ="name">Understanding FRBR as a Conceptual Model: FRBR
and the Bibliographic Universe</span>"
<div property ="isPartOf" typeof="Periodical">
<em><span property ="name">Library Resources and Technical Services</span></em>
</div>
<span property ="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationVolume">
v. <span property ="volumeNumber">50</span>
</span>,
<span property ="isPartOf" typeof="PublicationIssue">
no. <span property ="issueNumber">4</span>
(<time datetime="2006-10" property ="datePublished">October 2006</time>):
</span>
<span property="pageStart">264</span>-<span property ="pageEnd">273</span>
Print.</div>Example 4 - A Blog also considered a Periodical
A Blog that is also considered as a Periodical - it has an allocated issn. Background to this situation can be found on the ISSN Site. To achieve the full description Periodical is added an additionalType.
Original HTML
<div>
<h1>The Scientific Inquisitor Article Series<h1>
<em>A Blog for the questioning scientist</em> by Clever Wally</br>
ISSN: 1560-6865
</div>With microdata
<div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Blog">
<link itemprop="additionalType" href="http://schema.org/Periodical" />
<h1><span itemprop="name">The Scientific Inquisitor Article Series</span><h1>
<em><span itemprop="description">A Blog for the questioning scientist</span></em>
by <span itemprop="author">Clever Wally</span></br>
ISSN: <span itemprop="issn">1560-6865</span>With RDFa
<div vocab="http://schema.org/" typeof="Blog Periodical">
<h1><span property="name">The Scientific Inquisitor Article Series</span><h1>
<em><span property="description">A Blog for the questioning scientist</span></em>
by <span property="author">Clever Wally</span></br>
ISSN: <span property="issn">1560-6865</span>
</div>Example 5 - A multi-volume book (to add to Book and PublicationVolume documentation)
The following example describes a trilogy of books with numbered volumes.
Original HTML
<p>
The <strong>Lord of the Rings</strong> is an English-language fictional trilogy by J. R. R. Tolkien (1892-1973).
</p>
<p>
The books in the trilogy are:
</p>
<ul>
<li>Vol. 1: The Fellowship of the Ring</li>
<li>Vol. 2: The Two Towers</li>
<li>Vol. 3: The Return of the King</li>
</ul>With schema.org (RDFa)
<div vocab="http://schema.org/">
<p typeof="Book" resource="#trilogy">
<link property="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
The <strong property="name">Lord of the Rings</strong> is an
<span property="inLanguage" content="en">English-language</span>
<span property="genre" property="Fiction">fictional</span> trilogy by
<span property="author" typeof="Person" resource="#author">
<link property="sameAs" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/95218067">
<span property="name" content="Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel)">J. R. R. Tolkien</span>
(<span property="birthDate">1892</span>-<span property="deathDate">1973</span>).
</span>
<link property="hasPart" href="#book1">
<link property="hasPart" href="#book2">
<link property="hasPart" href="#book3">
</p>
<p>
The books in the trilogy are:
</p>
<ul>
<li typeof="Book PublicationVolume" resource="#book1">
Vol. <span property="volumeNumber">1</span>:
<link property="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
<link property="isPartOf" href="#trilogy">
<link property="author" href="#author">
<meta property="inLanguage" content="en">
<span property="name">The Fellowship of the Ring</span>
</li>
<li typeof="Book PublicationVolume" resource="#book2">
Vol. <span property="volumeNumber">2</span>:
<link property="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
<link property="isPartOf" href="#trilogy">
<link property="author" href="#author">
<meta property="inLanguage" content="en">
<span property="name">The Two Towers</span>
</li>
<li typeof="Book PublicationVolume" resource="#book3">
Vol. <span property="volumeNumber">3</span>:
<link property="about" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337">
<link property="isPartOf" href="#trilogy">
<link property="author" href="#author">
<meta property="inLanguage" content="en">
<span property="name">The Return of the King</span>
</li>
</ul>
</div>JSON-LD (experimental)
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context" : "http://schema.org",
"@graph": [
{
"@id": "#trilogy",
"@type": "Book",
"about": "http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337",
"author": "#author",
"hasPart": [
{
"@id": "#book1",
"@type": [
"Book",
"PublicationVolume"
],
"about": "http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337",
"author": "#author",
"volumeNumber": "1",
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": "#trilogy",
"name": "The Fellowship of the Ring"
},
{
"@id": "#book2",
"@type": [
"Book",
"PublicationVolume"
],
"about": "http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337",
"author": "#author",
"volumeNumber": "2",
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": "#trilogy",
"name": "The Two Towers"
},
{
"@id": "#book3",
"@type": [
"Book",
"PublicationVolume"
],
"about": "http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337",
"author": "#author",
"volumeNumber": "3",
"inLanguage": "en",
"isPartOf": "#trilogy",
"name": "The Return of the King"
}
],
"genre": "fictional",
"inLanguage": "en",
"name": "Lord of the Rings"
},
{
"@id": "#author",
"@type": "Person",
"birthDate": "1892",
"sameAs": "http://viaf.org/viaf/95218067",
"deathDate": "1973",
"name": "Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel)"
}
]
}
</script>
Original turtle
<http://exampleworks.org/work/12345>
a schema:Book;
schema:name "Lord of the Rings";
schema:about <http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337>;
schema:author <http://viaf.org/viaf/95218067>;
schema:author [ a schema:Person;
schema:name "Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973."];
schema:inLanguage "en";
schema:genre "Fiction";
schema:description "v. 1. The fellowship of the ring.--v. 2. The two towers.--v. 3. The return of the king.";
schema:hasPart <http://exampleworks.org/work/12346>;
schema:hasPart <http://exampleworks.org/work/12347>;
schema:hasPart <http://exampleworks.org/work/12348>.
<http://exampleworks.org/work/12346>
a schema:Book;
a schema:PublicationVolume;
schema:name "The fellowship of the ring";
schema:about <http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337>;
schema:author <http://viaf.org/viaf/95218067>;
schema:author [ a schema:Person;
schema:name "Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973."];
schema:inLanguage "en";
schema:genre "Fiction";
schema:description "Lord of the Rings Pt1";
schema:volumeNumber "1";
schema:isPartOf <http://exampleworks.org/work/12345>.
<http://exampleworks.org/work/12347>
a schema:Book;
a schema:PublicationVolume;
schema:name "The two towers";
schema:about <http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337>;
schema:author <http://viaf.org/viaf/95218067>;
schema:author [ a schema:Person;
schema:name "Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973."];
schema:inLanguage "en";
schema:genre "Fiction";
schema:description "Lord of the Rings Pt2";
schema:volumeNumber "2";
schema:isPartOf <http://exampleworks.org/work/12345>.
<http://exampleworks.org/work/12348>
a schema:Book;
a schema:PublicationVolume;
schema:name "The return of the king.";
schema:about <http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1020337>;
schema:author <http://viaf.org/viaf/95218067>;
schema:author [ a schema:Person;
schema:name "Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), 1892-1973."];
schema:inLanguage "en";
schema:genre "Fiction";
schema:description "Lord of the Rings Pt3";
schema:volumeNumber "3";
schema:isPartOf <http://exampleworks.org/work/12345>.