Reference LGR for language: French (fr) | lgr-second-level-french-language-24jan24-en |
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This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.
Date | 2024-01-24 |
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LGR Version | 3 (Second Level Reference LGR) |
Language | fr (French Language) |
Unicode Version | 11.0.0 |
Description
INSTRUCTIONS
- These instructions cover how to adopt an LGR based on this reference LGR for a given zone and how to prepare the file for deposit in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices.
- As described the IANA procedure
(https://www.iana.org/help/idn-repository-procedure)
an LGR MUST contain the following elements in its header:- Script or Language Designator (see below for guidance)
- Version Number (this must increase with each amendment to the LGR, even if the updates are limited to the header itself)
- Effective Date (the date at which the policy becomes applicable in operational use)
- Registry Contact Details (contact name, email address, and/or phone number)
- The following information is optional:
- Document creation date
- Applicable Domain(s)
- Changes made to the Reference LGR before adopting
Please add or modify the following items in the XML source code for this file before
depositing the document in the IANA Repository.
(https://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables)
Meta Data
Note: version numbers start at 1. RFC 7940 recommends using simple integers. The version comment is optional, please replace or delete the default comment. Version comments may be used by some tools as part of the page header.
<version comment="
[Please replace (or delete) the optional comment]">
[Please fill in version number, starting at 1]</version>
<date>
[Please fill in with publication date, in YYYY-MM-DD format]</date>
<validity-start>
[Please fill in effective date, in YYYY-MM-DD format]</validity-start>
Note: the scope element may be repeated, so that the same document can serve for multiple domains.
<scope type="domain">
[Please provide, in ".domain" format]</scope>
Registry Contact Information:
Please fill in the Registry Contact Details.
Change History
If you made technical modifications to the LGR, please summarize them in the Change History (and also note the details in the appropriate section of the description).
PLEASE DELETE THESE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE DEPOSITING THE DOCUMENT
Registry Contact Details
- Contact Name: [Please fill in Contact Name]
- Email address: [Please fill in Email address]
- Phone Number: [Please fill in optional Phone Number]
Label Generation Rules for French
Overview
This document specifies a set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the French language using a language-specific repertoire for the second level domain or domains identified above. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940]. This LGR is adapted from the “Reference LGR for the Second Level for the French Language” [Ref-LGR-fr-Latn], for details, see Change History below.
Standalone LGR: This LGR is designed to be used in a zone that does not cater to IDNs other than those valid under this LGR. This LGR lacks features that would allow its use in the context of another LGR in the same zone, and it may contain other features incompatible with such use.
Repertoire
Most references converge on 42 Latin code points.
There is no IDN table published in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices by a .fr ccTLD, but AFNIC has published specifications [700] listing the code points accepted for registration as IDNs in the .fr domain. PointQuébec has published a list of accepatable code points for the .quebec domain [701].
Excluded code points
Letters documented in some references but not included:
U+00DF ß LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
U+00E1 á LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
U+00E3 ã LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE
U+00E4 ä LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
U+00E5 å LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
U+00EC ì LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE
U+00ED í LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
U+00F2 ò LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE
U+00F3 ó LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE
U+00F5 õ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE
U+00F6 ö LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
U+00F8 ø LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE
U+00FA ú LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE
U+00FD ý LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE
U+0101 ā LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON
U+0113 ē LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON
U+012B ī LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON
U+01D4 ǔ LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CARON
Extended code points
A number of letters not considered essential to writing the core vocabulary of the language are nevertheless in common use. Where they have not been added to the core repertoire, they are flagged as “extended-cp” in the table of code points. A context rule is provided that by default will prohibit labels with such extended code points. To support extended single code points or code point sequences, delete the context “extended-cp” from their repertoire definition.
The sole “extended” code point in the second version had been U+0F1 LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE, cited by some references as being used in loan words. Based on additional research, it can also be found in personal names from the region of Brittany which argues that it should be included by default.
Variants
It has been the practice of some second level registries to allow both the registration of an accented label as well as the pure ASCII fallback to the same entity, while disallowing the registration of the two labels to unrelated entities (See [CIRA]).
By default, this LGR treats all accented forms as optionally-enabled" variants of the non-accented form of a label which would prevent them from being delegated to two different entities simultaneously. In order to restrict the number of allocatable variants, only one accented form can be allocated alongside the non-accented form. If the desired accented form has been applied for, the non-accented form would then be a variant that is allocatable to the original applicant. This covers the most common scenario of a single “correct” accented form, plus a non-accented “fallback”.
This extension to in-language variants is not compatible with using this LGR in a zone with another LGR and using the Common LGR to process conflicts between labels from multiple LGRs as described in Section 3 “Use of Multiple Reference LGRs in the Same Zone” in [Level-2-Overview].
No other variants are applicable when using the LGR in a standalone fashion.
Variants Limited to Standalone Use This LGR is not intended for use with LGRs for other languages or scripts in the same zone. The LGR does not define any “blocked” variants with code points in other languages or script that would prevent malicious registration of duplicate labels perceived as the same by users. As a result of transitivity, the scheme of internal variants defined here would have to be imposed on other LGRs that contain copies or variants of the affected code points.
If it is desired to support multiple languages in the same zone, the preferred method would be to support the corresponding script LGRs, which cater to the use of multiple languages, and are designed with the possibility of concurrent use in mind.
Optionally-enabled Variants
Certain variants in this LGR are defined as optionally enabled. They are using the context rule “enabled”. This context rule matches any label (it always succeeds). Any variant marked with when=“enabled” (in the XML file) is in force, while marking it with not-when=“enabled” causes the variant definition to be ignored in processing. This allows these variants to be disabled, for example, to better match legacy practice for a given zone.
Care must be taken to enable or disable variants so that all variant mappings to and from the same code point are either enabled or disabled at the same time, ensuring that all enabled variant mappings remain symmetric and transitive.
The specification of variants in this LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].
Character Classes
This LGR does not define named character classes.
Rules
Common Rules
The LGR includes the rules and actions to implement the following restrictions, some of which are mandated by the IDNA protocol. They are marked with ⍟ and included here by default. A special context rule enables optional variants by default.
- Hyphen Restrictions — restrictions on the allowable placement of hyphens (no leading/ending hyphen and no hyphen in positions 3 and 4). These restrictions are described in Section 4.2.3.1 of RFC 5891 [150]. They are implemented here as context rule on U+002D (-) HYPHEN-MINUS.
- Leading Combining Marks — restrictions on the allowable placement of combining marks (no leading combining mark). This rule is described in Section 4.2.3.2 of RFC 5891 [150].
- Enabled — matches any label. Used as variant context rule; any variant with
when="enabled"
in the xml will be active, while any withnot-when="enabled"
will be inactive.
Actions
This LGR includes the default actions for LGRs as well as the action needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].
Because this LGR defines allocatable fallback variants the following default actions are applicable.
- blocked — a variant label containing a blocked variant will receive a disposition of “blocked”.
- r-original — a label containing one or more of this reflexive variant type and no others represents an original label and receives a disposition of “valid”.
- fallback — a label containing one or more of these variant types and no others represents a label that contains only fallback variants and receives a disposition of “allocatable”.
- fallback plus other — any label remaining containing both this variant type and any others receives a disposition of “blocked”.
These actions resolve as “allocatable” any label where all variants are of type “fallback”, and as “valid” any label where all variants are of type “r-original”. Labels with a mix of variant types are resolved as “blocked”.
To account for original code points in a permuted variant, reflexive variant mappings with an “r-” prefix are used. (See [RFC 7940]). In particular, the mapping type “r-original” is given to any code point that has a fallback mapping, but that appears in its non-fallback form in the original label, and thus “maps to itself”.
Default actions that are triggered by the LGR-specific variant types described above limit the “allocatable” variant labels to those variants resulting from removal of the accents, while disallowing mixed use of variants with or without accents, except as in the original applied-for label. The use of such variants is "optionally_enabled_variants">optionally enabled in this LGR.
Note that the mapping types for variants are not symmetric: they depend on which code point is considered the source or the target in a given mapping. As specified in [RFC 7940], when mapping types are evaluated code points in a label that are unchanged use the type of their “reflexive” mapping. Per [RFC 7940] the actions are always applied one after the other, and the evaluation stops at the first action that assigns a disposition to a given label.
Methodology and Contributors
The LGR in this document has been adapted from the corresponding Reference LGR for the Second Level. The Second Level Reference LGR for the French Language was developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, including input by Michael Everson, Nicholas Ostler, and Wil Tan, and based on multiple open public consultations.
Changes from Version Dated 10 October 2016
Language tag has been updated.
Changes from Version Dated 18 May 2021
Unicode Version has been updated.
Based on research showing use of ‘ñ’ in Breton names, U+00F1 ñ LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE has been changed from “extended-cpto included by default.
Based on community comments expressed during the review of the Latin script Root Zone LGR, the need was established for fallback variants between French letters with diacritics and their ASCII base letters. These variants are enabled here by default, but are marked as “enabled” to allow registries to deactivate them if required.
Changes from Version Dated 24 January 2024
Adopted from the Second Level Reference LGR for the French Language [Ref-LGR-fr-Latn] without normative changes.
References
General references for the language:
Atkins, Beryl T. et al. 1987. Robert · Collins dictionnaire français-anglais anglais-français = Collins · Robert French-English English-French dictionary. Paris: Dictionnaires le Robert. ISBN 2-85036-088-0. Glasgow: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-433451-5
Wikipedia: “French orthography”,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_alphabetOmniglot: French (français)
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/french.htm
In addition, the following references were consulted:
- [CIRA]
- cira, Section 3, “Admissible Domain Names” in General Registration Rules
https://www.cira.ca/policy/rules-and-procedures/general-registration-rules
(Accessed 25 May 2022) - [Level-2-Overview]
- Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, (ICANN),“Reference Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Second Level: Overview and Summary” (PDF),
(Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 24 January 2024),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/level2-lgr-overview-summary-24jan24-en.pdf - [PointQuebec]
- PointQuébec, Section 8 “Permissible Characters” in General Registration Policies
https://registry.quebec/legal/ - [Ref-LGR-fr-Latn]
- ICANN, Second Level Reference Label Generation Rules for the French Language (fr-Latn), 24 January 2024 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-french-language-24jan24-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation:
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-french-language-24jan24-en.html - [RFC 7940]
- Davies, K. and A. Freytag, “Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML”,
RFC 7940, August 2016,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940 - [RFC 8228]
- A. Freytag, “Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels”, RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228 - [Unicode 11.0.0]
- The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 11.0.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2018. ISBN 978-1-936213-19-1)
https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/
In the listing of the repertoire by code point, references starting from [0] refer to the version of the Unicode Standard in which the corresponding code point was initially encoded. Other references (starting from [100]) document usage of code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. In the listing of whole label evaluation and context rules, reference [150] indicates the source for common rules. For more details, see the Table of References below.
Repertoire
Repertoire Summary
Number of elements in repertoire | 54 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of code points for each script |
|
||||
Longest code point sequence | 1 |
Repertoire by Code Point
The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.
For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. See also the legend provided below the table.
Code Point |
Glyph | Script | Name | Ref | Required Context | Variants | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U+002D | - | Common | HYPHEN-MINUS | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | not: hyphen-minus-disallowed | ||
U+0030 | 0 | Common | DIGIT ZERO | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0031 | 1 | Common | DIGIT ONE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0032 | 2 | Common | DIGIT TWO | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0033 | 3 | Common | DIGIT THREE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0034 | 4 | Common | DIGIT FOUR | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0035 | 5 | Common | DIGIT FIVE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0036 | 6 | Common | DIGIT SIX | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0037 | 7 | Common | DIGIT SEVEN | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0038 | 8 | Common | DIGIT EIGHT | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0039 | 9 | Common | DIGIT NINE | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0061 | a | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | set 1 | ||
U+0062 | b | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER B | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0063 | c | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | set 2 | ||
U+0064 | d | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER D | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0065 | e | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | set 3 | ||
U+0066 | f | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER F | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0067 | g | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0068 | h | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER H | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0069 | i | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | set 4 | ||
U+006A | j | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER J | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+006B | k | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER K | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+006C | l | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER L | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+006D | m | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER M | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+006E | n | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | set 5 | ||
U+006F | o | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | set 6 | ||
U+0070 | p | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER P | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0071 | q | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Q | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0072 | r | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER R | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0073 | s | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0074 | t | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER T | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0075 | u | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | set 7 | ||
U+0076 | v | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER V | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0077 | w | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER W | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0078 | x | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER X | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+0079 | y | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | set 8 | ||
U+007A | z | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Z | [0], [100], [301], [401], [601], [700], [701] | |||
U+00E0 | à | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [603], [604], [700], [701] | set 1 | ||
U+00E2 | â | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [603], [604], [700], [701] | set 1 | ||
U+00E6 | æ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER AE | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700], [701] | |||
U+00E7 | ç | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [603], [604], [700], [701] | set 2 | ||
U+00E8 | è | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [603], [604], [700], [701] | set 3 | ||
U+00E9 | é | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [603], [604], [700], [701] | set 3 | ||
U+00EA | ê | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [603], [604], [700], [701] | set 3 | ||
U+00EB | ë | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700], [701] | set 3 | ||
U+00EE | î | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [603], [604], [700], [701] | set 4 | ||
U+00EF | ï | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [100], [301], [401], [604], [700], [701] | set 4 | ||
U+00F1 | ñ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE | [0], [100], [301], [402], [605], [700] | set 5 | ||
U+00F4 | ô | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [603], [604], [700], [701] | set 6 | ||
U+00F9 | ù | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [603], [604], [700], [701] | set 7 | ||
U+00FB | û | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [603], [604], [700], [701] | set 7 | ||
U+00FC | ü | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [100], [200], [401], [604], [700], [701] | set 7 | ||
U+00FF | ÿ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700], [701] | set 8 | ||
U+0153 | œ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE | [0], [100], [200], [301], [401], [604], [700], [701] |
- Code Point
- A code point or code point sequence.
- Glyph
- The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
- Script
- Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common.
- Name
- Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database.
- Ref
- Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
- Required Context
- Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
- Variants
- Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
- Comment
- The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.
Variants
Variant Set Summary
Number of variant sets | 8 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Largest variant set | 5 | ||
Ordinary Variants by Type |
|
||
Reflexive Variants by Type |
|
Variant Sets
The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.
Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.
A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.
In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and variant sets for each context are disjoint, but code points that have variants with multiple contexts are members of more than one set.
- Source
- By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
- Target
- By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
- Glyph
- The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
- → - forward
- Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
- ← - reverse
- Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
- ↔ - both
- Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
- ≡ - reflexive
- Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
- Type
- The type of the variant mapping, including predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”; or any that are defined specifically for this LGR.
- Required Context
- Link to the rule defining a required context the source must satisfy for the variant mapping to be defined. If prefixed by “not:”, identifies a context that must not occur.
- Ref
- One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
- Comment
- A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Variant Set 1 — 3 Members
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type | Required Context | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0061 | a | 00E0 | à | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
0061 | a | 00E2 | â | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
00E0 | à | 00E0 | à | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point | |
00E0 | à | 00E2 | â | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00E2 | â | 00E2 | â | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point |
Variant Set 2 — 2 Members
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type | Required Context | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0063 | c | 00E7 | ç | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
00E7 | ç | 00E7 | ç | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point |
Variant Set 3 — 5 Members
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type | Required Context | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0065 | e | 00E8 | è | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
0065 | e | 00E9 | é | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
0065 | e | 00EA | ê | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
0065 | e | 00EB | ë | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
00E8 | è | 00E8 | è | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point | |
00E8 | è | 00E9 | é | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00E8 | è | 00EA | ê | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00E8 | è | 00EB | ë | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00E9 | é | 00E9 | é | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point | |
00E9 | é | 00EA | ê | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00E9 | é | 00EB | ë | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00EA | ê | 00EA | ê | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point | |
00EA | ê | 00EB | ë | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00EB | ë | 00EB | ë | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point |
Variant Set 4 — 3 Members
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type | Required Context | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0069 | i | 00EE | î | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
0069 | i | 00EF | ï | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
00EE | î | 00EE | î | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point | |
00EE | î | 00EF | ï | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00EF | ï | 00EF | ï | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point |
Variant Set 5 — 2 Members
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type | Required Context | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
006E | n | 00F1 | ñ | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
00F1 | ñ | 00F1 | ñ | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point |
Variant Set 6 — 2 Members
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type | Required Context | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
006F | o | 00F4 | ô | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
00F4 | ô | 00F4 | ô | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point |
Variant Set 7 — 4 Members
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type | Required Context | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0075 | u | 00F9 | ù | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
0075 | u | 00FB | û | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
0075 | u | 00FC | ü | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
00F9 | ù | 00F9 | ù | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point | |
00F9 | ù | 00FB | û | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00F9 | ù | 00FC | ü | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00FB | û | 00FB | û | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point | |
00FB | û | 00FC | ü | ↔ | blocked | enabled | diacritic transitivity | |
00FC | ü | 00FC | ü | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point |
Variant Set 8 — 2 Members
Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph | Type | Required Context | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0079 | y | 00FF | ÿ | → | blocked | enabled | diacritic variant | |
← | fallback | enabled | base form variant | |||||
00FF | ÿ | 00FF | ÿ | ≡ | r-original | enabled | as original code point |
Classes, Rules and Actions
Character Classes
Implict defined by script tag | 2 |
---|
The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).
Name | Definition | Count | Members or Ranges | Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
implicit | Tag=sc:Latn | 43 | {0061-007A 00E0 00E2 00E6-00EB 00EE-00EF 00F1 00F4 00F9 00FB-00FC 00FF 0153} | Any character tagged as Latin | |
implicit | Tag=sc:Zyyy | 11 | {002D 0030-0039} | Any character tagged as Common |
- Members or Ranges
- Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
- Tag=ttt
- A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
- Implicit
- An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value and for which there is no named equivalent.
Whole label evaluation and context rules
Number of rules | 4 |
---|---|
Used to trigger actions | 1 |
Used as context rule (C) | 1 |
Used as context rule (V) | 1 |
Anchored context rules | 1 |
Used only in another rule | 1 |
The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.
Name | Regular Expression | Used as Trigger |
Anchor | Used as Context |
Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
leading-combining-mark | (start)[∅=[[∅=\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [∅=\p{gc=Mc}]]] |
✔ | [150] | RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟ | ||
hyphen-minus-disallowed | (((start))← ⚓︎)|(⚓︎ →((end)))|(((start)..\u002D)← ⚓︎) |
✔ | C | [150] | RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D - ⍟ | |
extended-cp | (start)(end) |
context to gate off code points from the extended range, matches no label ⍟ | ||||
enabled | (start).*(end) |
V | use as when-context to enable: matches any label ⍟ |
- Used as Trigger
- This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
- Used as Context
- This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
- Anchor
- This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
- Regular Expression
- A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
- ⚓︎ - context anchor
- Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
- (...)← - look-behind
- If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
- →(..) - look-ahead
- If present encloses required context following the anchor.
- ( ) - group
- An anonymous nested rule is used to group match operators.
- (... | ...) - choice
- When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
- start or end
- (start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
- . - any code point
- . matches any code point.
- *, +, ?, {n,m} - count operators
- * indicates 0 or more, + indicates one or more, and ? indicates up to one instance. {n,m} indicates at least n and at most m instances.
- [\p{ }] - property
- Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
- ∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
- Sets may be combined by set operators (∪ = union, ∩ = intersection, ∖ = difference, ∆ = symmetric difference).
- ∅= - empty set
- Indicates that the following set is empty because of the result of set operations, or because none of its elements is part of the repertoire defined here. A rule with a non-optional empty set never matches.
- (^.*$) - any label
- The regex (^.*$) matches any label. Used as a context rule, it always matches, thus not affecting the validity of a label containing the code point. By convention, it is used to explicitly mark a preferred code point for review purposes.
- ⍟ - default rule
- Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.
Note: The following rules are defined but not used in this LGR: extended-cp.
Actions
The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.
# | Condition | Rule / Variant Set | Disposition | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | if label matches | leading-combining-mark | → | invalid | labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟ | |
2 | if at least one variant is in | {blocked} | → | blocked | any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟ | |
3 | if each variant is in | {fallback} | → | allocatable | any label with all variants of type fallback is allocatable ⍟ | |
4 | if at least one variant is in | {fallback} | → | blocked | any variant label with a mix of variant forms is blocked ⍟ | |
5 | if each variant is in | {r-original} | → | valid | any remaining label containing only original code points is valid ⍟ | |
6 | if any label (catch-all) | → | valid | catch all (default action) ⍟ |
- {...} - variant type set
- In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
- ⍟ - default action
- Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.
Table of References
The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the References section in the Description.
[0] | The Unicode Standard, Version 1.1 Code points cited were originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1 |
[100] | Internetstiftelsen i Sverige (IIS), “IDN Reference table for French language”
https://github.com/dotse/IDN-ref-tables/blob/master/language-tables/french-lang-ref-table.txt accessed on 2016-10-16 |
[150] | RFC 5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891 |
[200] | ISO/IEC 6937 Third Ed. 2001-12-17- Information
technology — Coded graphic character set for text communication — Latin alphabet: Table D.1 (p 35) Use of Latin alphabetic characters. This table lists only the characters outside the set a-z |
[301] | Everson, Michael. The Alphabets of Europe: “French” https://www.evertype.com/alphabets/french.pdf Code points cited form the standard set |
[302] | Everson, Michael. The Alphabets of Europe: “French” https://www.evertype.com/alphabets/french.pdf Code points cited are from an extended set |
[304] | Everson, Michael. The Alphabets of Europe: “French” https://www.evertype.com/alphabets/french.pdf Code points cited are rare or archaic |
[401] | The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) Version 28 (2015-09-16) -
Locale Data Summary for French [fr] https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/fr.html Code points cited are from the set of Main Letters |
[402] | The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR) Version 28 (2015-09-16) -
Locale Data Summary for French [fr] https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/fr.html Code points cited are from the Auxiliary set |
[603] | Editions for FR (France) and CA (Canada) of ISO/IEC 646:1991 — Information
technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange Code points cited are supported in a national edition of ISO-646. |
[601] | Wikipedia: “Latin Alphabets"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabets - accessed 2015-10-31 According to this reference, the alphabet is listed as using the full basic set A-Z |
[604] | Wikipedia: “Latin Alphabets”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabets. accessed 2015-10-31 The table only lists code points beyond A-Z |
[605] | Wikipedia: “French Orthography” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography accessed 2015-11-15 Code points cited are listed as in occasional use for loan words or foreign names |
[700] | Association Française pour le Nommage Internet en Coopération (AFNIC), “Naming Policy for the French Network Information Centre”
https://www.afnic.fr/wp-media/uploads/2021/01/afnic-naming-policy-2014-12-08.pdf |
[701] | PointQuébec, Section 8 “Permissible Characters” in General Registration Policies, https://registry.quebec/legal/ - accessed 2022-05-16 and https://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables/tables/quebec_fr_1.0.txt |