A quasi-inertial version of the LVLH_ROTATING frame. This system is quasi-inertial in the sense that it is treated as an inertial coordinate frame that is redefined at each time of interest.

A quasi-inertial version of the NSW_ROTATING frame. This system is quasi-inertial in the sense that it is treated as an inertial coordinate frame that is redefined at each time of interest.

A quasi-inertial version of the NTW_ROTATING frame. This system is quasi-inertial in the sense that it is treated as an inertial coordinate frame that is redefined at each time of interest.

Perifocal Coordinate System, a quasi-inertial frame with P axis pointing to periapsis, W along the orbital angular momentum vector (\(\vec{w} = \vec{r} × \vec{v}\)) and Q completing the set (\(\widehat{Q} = \widehat{W} × \widehat{P}\)). This system is quasi-inertial in the sense that it is treated as an inertial coordinate frame that is redefined at each time of interest.

A Radial, Along track, Cross track, local orbital coordinate rotating frame, where the R axis always points out from the satellite along the central body’s radius vector to the satellite as it moves through the orbit. The S axis is in the direction of (but not necessarily parallel to) the velocity vector and is perpendicular to the radius vector. The W axis is aligned with the orbit angular momentum vector.

Note that the RSW_ROTATING frame is also referred to as:
• Gaussian Coordinate System
• ‘Radial, In-track, Cross-track” (RIC)
• ‘Radial, Transverse, Normal’ (RTN)
• The QSW frame

The South/East/Zenith (SEZ) topocentric horizon system. This system is a right-handed, Cartesian system rotating with the observing site. The local horizon forms the fundamental plane, with the S axis pointing due south from the site (even in the Southern Hemisphere). The E axis points east from the site and is undefined at the North or South Poles. The Z axis (zenith) points radially outward from the site, along the site’s geodetic local vertical.

A local orbital coordinate Tangential, Normal, Cross-track rotating frame that has the x-axis along the Tangential (or velocity) vector, z-axis (“W”) along the orbital angular momentum vector (\(\vec{w} = \vec{r} × \vec{v}\)), and N completing the right handed system (i.e., for a circular orbit “N” generally points in the Nadir direction and for an eccentric orbit, “N” points as close to Nadir as possible while still being normal to the T-W plane). Note that while this frame has the same axes defined as in the NTW frame, the ordering of axes is different (TNW).
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A local orbital coordinate Velocity, Normal, Co-normal rotating frame that has the x-axis along the Velocity (or tangential) vector, y-axis Normal to the orbit along the orbital angular momentum vector (\(\vec{w} = \vec{r} × \vec{v}\)), and z-axis is the “Co-normal” direction completing the right handed system (i.e., for a circular orbit “C” points in the radius vector direction whereas for an eccentric orbit, “C” points as close to radial as possible while still being normal to the V-N plane). Note that while this frame has the same axes defined as in the NTW frame, the ordering of axes is different (i.e., TWN).