Stefano Vissicchio
Laurent Vanbever
Olivier Bonaventure
Abstract
The network infrastructure of Internet service providers (ISPs) undergoes constant evolution. Whenever new requirements arise (e.g., the deployment of a new Point of Presence or a change in the business relationship with a neighboring ISP), operators need to change the configuration of the network. Due to the complexity of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and the lack of methodologies and tools, maintaining service availability during reconfigurations that involve BGP is a challenge for operators. In this paper, we show that the current best practices to reconfigure BGP do not provide guarantees with respect to traffic disruptions. Then, we study the problem of finding an operational ordering of BGP reconfiguration steps that guarantees no packet loss. Unfortunately, finding such an operational ordering, when it exists, is computationally hard. To enable lossless reconfigurations, we propose a framework that extends current features of carrier-grade routers to run two BGP control planes in parallel. We present a prototype implementation and show the effectiveness of our framework through a case study.
- Y. Rekhter, T. Li, and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP- 4)," RFC 4271, 2006.Google Scholar
- L. Vanbever, S. Vissicchio, C. Pelsser, P. Francois, and O. Bonaventure, "Seamless network-wide IGP migrations," in Proc. SIGCOMM, 2011, pp. 314-325. Google Scholar
- B. Fortz and M. Thorup, "Optimizing OSPF/IS-IS weights in a changing world," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 756-767, May 2002. Google Scholar
- T. Griffin and G.Wilfong, "On the correctness of iBGP configuration," in Proc. SIGCOMM, 2002, pp. 17-29. Google Scholar
- S. Vissicchio, L. Cittadini, L. Vanbever, and O. Bonaventure, "iBGP deceptions: More sessions, fewer routes," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2012, pp. 2122-2130.Google Scholar
- S. Balon and G. Leduc, "Combined intra- and inter-domain traffic engineering using hot-potato aware link weights optimization," in Proc. SIGMETRICS, 2008, pp. 441-442. Google Scholar
- M. Brown, C. Hepner, and A. Popescu, "Internet captivity and de-peering," presented at the NANOG 45, 2009.Google Scholar
- S. Lee, T. Wong, and H. Kim, "To automate or not to automate: On the complexity of network configuration," in Proc. IEEE ICC, Beijing, China, May 2008, pp. 5726-5731.Google Scholar
- P. Smith, "BGP techniques for service providers," presented at the NANOG 50, 2010.Google Scholar
- G. Herrero and J. van der Ven, Network Mergers and Migrations: Junos Design and Implementation. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010. Google Scholar
- R. Zhang and M. Bartell, BGP Design and Implementation. San Jose, CA: Cisco Press, 2003. Google Scholar
- Equinix, Inc., Redwood City, CA, "Equinix Direct," [Online]. Available: http://www.equinix.com/solutions/regional-solutions/ americas/equinix-direct/Google Scholar
- T. Bates, E. Chen, and R. Chandra, "BGP route reflection: An alternative to full mesh internal BGP (iBGP)," RFC 4456, 2006.Google Scholar
- N. Feamster and H. Balakrishnan, "Detecting BGP configuration faults with static analysis," in Proc. NSDI, 2005, pp. 43-56. Google Scholar
- T. G. Griffin, F. B. Shepherd, and G. Wilfong, "The stable paths problem and interdomain routing," IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 232-243, Apr. 2002. Google Scholar
- T. Griffin and G. T. Wilfong, "Analysis of the MED oscillation problem in BGP," in Proc. IEEE ICNP, 2002, pp. 90-99. Google Scholar
- M.-O. Buob, S. Uhlig, and M. Meulle, "Designing optimal iBGP route-reflection topologies," in Proc. Netw., 2008, pp. 542-553. Google Scholar
- C. Villamizar, R. Chandra, and R. Govindan, "BGP route flap damping," Internet Engineering Task Force, RFC 2439, 1998. Google Scholar
- S. Vissicchio, "Governing routing in the evolving Internet" Ph.D. dissertation, Roma Tre Univ., Rome, Italy, 2012 [Online]. Available: http://www.dia.uniroma3.it/~compunet/www/docs/vissicchio-thesis-text.pdfGoogle Scholar
- B. Quoitin and S. Uhlig, "Modeling the routing of an autonomous system with C-BGP," IEEE Netw., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 12-19, Nov. 2005. Google Scholar
- C. Labovitz, S. Iekel-Johnson, D. McPherson, J. Oberheide, and F. Jahanian, "Internet inter-domain traffic," in Proc. SIGCOMM, 2010, pp. 75-86. Google Scholar
- S. Uhlig and S. Tandel, "Quantifying the BGP routes diversity inside a tier-1 network," in Proc. Netw., 2006, pp. 1002-1013. Google Scholar
- Cisco Systems, Inc., San Jose, CA, "Configuring virtual routing and forwarding," Official Cisco Documentation, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.cisco.comGoogle Scholar
- V. Valancius and N. Feamster, "Multiplexing BGP sessions with BGP-Mux," in Proc. CoNEXT, 2007, Article no. 44. Google Scholar
- P. Francois, B. Decraene, C. Pelsser, K. Patel, and C. Filsfils, "Graceful BGP session shutdown," Internet-Draft, Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
- DANTE, Cambridge, U.K., "GEANT backbone topology," 2011 [On-line]. Available: http://www.geant.netGoogle Scholar
- "Seamless BGP reconfigurations," 2012 [Online]. Available: http://inl. info.ucl.ac.be/softwares/Google Scholar
- H. Ballani, P. Francis, T. Cao, and J.Wang, "Making routers last longer with ViAggre," in Proc. NSDI, 2009, pp. 453-466. Google Scholar
- RIPE NCC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, "RIPE routing information service (RIS)," [Online]. Available: http://www.ripe.net/risGoogle Scholar
- M. Caesar, D. Caldwell, N. Feamster, J. Rexford, A. Shaikh, and J. van der Merwe, "Design and implementation of a routing control platform," in Proc. NSDI, 2005, pp. 15-28. Google Scholar
- R. Chen, A. Shaikh, J. Wang, and P. Francis, "Address-based route reflection," in Proc. CoNEXT, 2011, Article no. 5. Google Scholar
- R. Mahajan, D. Wetherall, and T. Anderson, "Understanding BGP misconfiguration," in Proc. SIGCOMM, 2002, pp. 3-16. Google Scholar
- A. Rawat and M. A. Shayman, "Preventing persistent oscillations and loops in iBGP configuration with route reflection," Comput. Netw., vol. 50, pp. 3642-3665, Dec. 2006. Google Scholar
- M. Vutukuru, P. Valiant, S. Kopparty, and H. Balakrishnan, "How to construct a correct and scalable iBGP configuration," in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2006, pp. 1-12.Google Scholar
- T. Griffin and J. L. Sobrinho, "Metarouting," in Proc. SIGCOMM, 2005, pp. 1-12. Google Scholar
- R. Alimi, Y. Wang, and Y. R. Yang, "Shadow configuration as a network management primitive," in Proc. SIGCOMM, 2008, pp. 111-122. Google Scholar
- E. Chen, "Route refresh capability for BGP-4," RFC 2918, 2000. Google Scholar
- Y. Wang, E. Keller, B. Biskeborn, J. van der Merwe, and J. Rexford, "Virtual routers on the move: Live router migration as a network-management primitive," in Proc. SIGCOMM, 2008, pp. 231-242. Google Scholar
- E. Keller, J. Rexford, and J. Van DerMerwe, "Seamless BGP migration with router grafting," in Proc. NSDI, 2010, pp. 235-248. Google Scholar
- M. Reitblatt, N. Foster, J. Rexford, and D.Walker, "Consistent updates for software-defined networks: Change you can believe in!," in Proc. HotNets-X, 2011, pp. 1-6. Google Scholar
- S. Raza, Y. Zhu, and C.-N. Chuah, "Graceful network state migrations," IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1097-1110, Aug. 2011. Google Scholar
Index Terms
- Improving network agility with seamless BGP reconfigurations
Recommendations
Seamless network-wide IGP migrations
SIGCOMM '11Network-wide migrations of a running network, such as the replacement of a routing protocol or the modification of its configuration, can improve the performance, scalability, manageability, and security of the entire network. However, such migrations ...
Lossless migrations of link-state IGPs
Network-wide migrations of a running network, such as the replacement of a routing protocol or the modification of its configuration, can improve the performance, scalability, manageability, and security of the entire network. However, such migrations ...
Seamless network-wide IGP migrations
SIGCOMM '11: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conferenceNetwork-wide migrations of a running network, such as the replacement of a routing protocol or the modification of its configuration, can improve the performance, scalability, manageability, and security of the entire network. However, such migrations ...
Comments