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域名行业

本页面还提供其他语种：

在域名注册过程中，您可能接触到了域名行业中的一些参与者。更深入地了解域名行业中的这些和其他参与者的角色将有助于您进一步了解如何管理域名。

域名生态系统包括参与到域名及相关服务的提供、支持和注册的组织、企业和个人。在您注册域名时，您可能会接触到以下一个或多个实体。

注册服务机构：您可以联系这些公司来注册域名。域名注册条款（包括费用、转移和续约）受到您与注册服务机构之间签订的注册协议的管辖。ICANN 认证注册服务机构与 ICANN 和注册管理运行机构签订协议来提供域名注册服务。很多注册服务机构还提供其他服务，例如网络托管、隐私/代理、网站创建等。全球有一千多个 ICANN 认证注册服务机构，它们可提供本地语言支持。如需查看当前 ICANN 认证注册服务机构的名单，可单击此处。

分销商：这些公司附属于注册服务机构或与注册服务机构签订了合同，它们负责注册域名和提供注册服务机构所提供的其他服务（比如网络托管）。分销商受到其与注册服务机构之间签订的协议的约束，它们并未获得 ICANN 的认证。注册服务机构仍需负责其分销商进行的所有域名注册。

DNS 托管机构：这些公司管理您域名的配置（也称为 DNS 资源记录）。这些配置将您的域名指向您的网站和电子邮件。很多注册服务机构都在域名注册中包含了 DNS 托管
服务。

网络托管公司：为您的网站提供服务器存储空间和 IP 地址。有了 IP 地址，就可以通过网页浏览器访问您的网站。

隐私和代理服务提供商：通过这些提供商可以注册域名，但不在注册数据目录服务中显示您的联系信息。隐私和代理服务经常由注册服务机构在注册流程中提供，但也可由第三方服务提供商提供。根据通过多利益相关方政策制定流程制定的政策建议，ICANN 组织目前正在实施一项隐私和代理服务提供商认证项目。

注册管理机构：这些组织负责保存在每个顶级域 (TLD) 下注册的域名的记录。它们也制定在其 TLD 下注册域名的规则。注册管理机构的责任包括：接受注册服务机构的域名注册申请、维护域名相关必要注册数据的数据库、提供域名服务器以在互联网上发布域文件数据（例如：所有域名及其相关 IP 地址的列表）。注册管理运行机构与 ICANN 签订协议来运营通用顶级域 (gTLD)。如需查看所有 gTLD 及其各自的注册管理运行机构的列表，请单击此处。

单击此处了解有关 ICANN 职责范围的更多信息。

单击此处了解有关域名的更多信息。

此网页汇集了 icann.org 网站中有关域名系统的其他现有内容。如果您想提出建议或问题，请联系 ICANN 组织的全球支持中心。

合同合规性投诉可提交至此处。

什么是注册服务机构？

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."